MEDIA TIMELINE

FILM

1903 – the Edison Corporation produce the first western, and established the use of shots and editing in film. This also marks the growing popularity of story films, over daily life scenes or news.

1906 – The first animated cartoon is produced.

1910 – Edison created the Kinetophone, meaning speaking was able to be in films.

1927 – ‘The Jazz Singer’ is the first feature-length talking film.

1929 – The first Academy Awards were announced.

1934 – the first drive-in movie theatre opens.

1935 – films could now be made easily in technicolour.

1948 – McCarthyism threatened Hollywood with accusations of communism. Suspected communists in Hollywood were imprisoned for contempt of court.

1953 – the first ever 3-D film was made and released.

1968 – motion picture ratings were introduced – G, PG, R and X. PG-13 came later as well as NC-17.

1976 – after the success of Jaws and Star Wars, there was a rise on the modern blockbuster. Hollywood studios increasingly focused on producing a smaller number of very large budget film.

1976 – there was the introduction of Steadycam, first used in Rocky.

2003 – for the first time, home entertainment revenues exceeded the box office. DVD took over the video cassette as well.


2000+ – there had been an increasing globalisation of cinema during this decade, with foreign-language films gaining popularity in English speaking markets.

2003 – with improving technology, there was a growth of 3D films, as well as IMAX facilities.

RADIO

1901 – as there had been success in using radio waves to cross the English Channel, Marconi wanted to use radio to communicate across the Atlantic.

1922 – following the closure of numerous amateur stations, the BBC started its first daily radio service. News was supplied by an agency, and music, dramas and ‘talks’ filled the airwaves for a few hours a day.

1923 – the first edition of The Radio Times, which listed the few programmes on offer. It also provided advice for radio enthusiasts, and numerous advertisements offering the latest in radio technology.

1927 – the BBC is established by the Royal Charter as the British Broadcasting Corporation.

1938 – the first foreign language broadcast.

1946 – BBC radio now featured woman’s hour.

1950 – the number of radio licenses peaks at 11.8 million.

1955 – the BBC begin broadcasting in FM for the first time.

1967 – BBC launch radio 1, 2, 3, and 4. BBC Radio 1 also goes live.

2002 – the BBC launches a series of digital-only channels including BBC 1Xtra, 4Xtra and 6 Music.

2012 – BBC iPlayer is launched.

TELEVISION

1900 – the first ‘television’ was seen at the 1900 World Fair in Paris.

1907 – scientists developed cathode rays and a vacuum tube and found new ways to work television.

1924 – the moving picture is developed the moving picture.

1925 – the first long distance television test ran between Washington D.C and New York.

1928 – the first TV station was created.

1936 – the TV revolution grows, there were 200 sets in use.

1937 – the first ever television network – CBS.

1950 – colour television is released.

1953 – the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II caused a boost in the sale of television sets.

1969 – people were able to see clips from the moon on television.

1990 + - due to the internet, people were now able to stream and download media. Businesses, such as Netflix, were made.

1997 – flat screens were developed.

2009 – HDTV is made.












NEWSPAPER

1900 – first national newspaper.

1900 – The Daily Mail was the first national newspaper to print simultaneously between Manchester and London.

1902 – The Daily Mail was the most popular newspaper, with a circulation of over a million.

1905 – Harmsworth (then Northcliffe) bought the Observer.

1906 – Newspaper properties Association funded for national dailies.

1930s – over two-thirds of the population read a newspaper every day, with “almost everyone” taking one on Sundays.

1936 – the Guardian Media group was created.

1955 – a month-long national press strike.

1959 – The Guardian change their name from Manchester Guardian.

1960 – photo composition and web-offset printing progressively introduced.

1964 – The Sun launched.

1969 – Murdoch’s News International acquired The Sun and News of the World.

1970 – The Sun featured its first topless page 3 model.

1971 – The Mail switched to a compact format.

1986 – The Independent was first published.

1980s – Robert Maxwell’s various companies owned the Daily Mirror, the Sunday Mirror, the Scottish Daily Record and Sunday Mail.

1993 – the Guardian Media Group bought The Observer.

2000s – there was the phone hacking scandal.

2005 – The Guardian switched from broadsheet to berliner.

2010s – many newspapers saw a rapid decline in circulation.

2011 – The Guardian revealed an increase in annual losses.

2012 – The Guardian was losing £100,000 a day.

2012 – the London 2012 Olympics saw a burst in newspaper sales.

2014 – The Guardian had a membership and subscription scheme.

2018 – The Guardian switched from Berliner to tabloid.

MAGAZINES

1892 – first issue of Vogue.

1900 – magazines are distributed worldwide.

1909 – Vogue was bought by Conde Naste Publishers.

1916 – the First World War made Vogue deliveries impossible, therefore printing started in England.

1931 – first issue of GQ, under the title of Apparel Arts.

1932 – the first ever American Vogue.

1933 – the first men’s magazine was published in America – Esquire.

1944 – Seventeen was the first teenage magazine published.

1957 – GQ changed their name from Apparel Arts to Gentlemen’s Quarterly.

1960s – American Vogue was under the leadership of Diana Vriland, a more creative, sexual and emancipated era began.

1967 – GQ changed their name from Gentlemen’s Quarterly to GQ.

1973 – Vogue became a monthly publication.

1988 – Anna Wintour took over Vogue and focused on the clothes as well as the model.

1991 – The Big Issue was published.

2005-2008 – Men’s Vogue.

2003-2017 – Teen Vogue.

2013 – a healthy body initiative was signed.

ADVERTISING

1908 – sponsored publicity events.

1920s – advertising on the radio. Soap operas air on radio.

1930s – The Great Depression forced businesses to drastically cut back on their advertising spending.

1936 – Britain’s first colour advertisement appears.

1941 – first television commercial.

1945+ – in the post-war era, Americans spent more money than ever on housing, appliance, furniture, clothing and cars.

1960s – focus and research groups transformed advertising.

1970s – the ‘golden age’ for commercials attracting large audiences.

1980s – the rise of infomercials.

1990s – much higher budgets for adverts and commercials.

2000s – the rise in popularity of the internet, companies started advertising online. Advertisements were catered to each specific person and people could somewhat choose the advertisements they had. 

2011 – spending on advertising reached $143 billion in the United States and $467 billion worldwide.